密相塔烟气脱硫技术试验研究

建立了密相塔烟气脱硫试验装置,并对烧结烟气进行了脱硫试验研究,验证了该工艺的可行性,并研究了主要因素对脱硫效率的影响.结果表明,钙硫比和近绝热饱和温度(approach to adiabatic saturation temperature,AAST)是影响脱硫效率的显著因素,循环灰浓度是保证系统脱硫效率的关键因素.在Ca/S比为1.2、密相塔出口烟气AAST=15℃、循环灰浓度为400g/m3条件下,系统能连续稳定运行,脱硫效率达92.5%以上,系统出口烟气中SO2浓度在150 mg/Nm3以下.     

Non-Fickian dispersion in a single fracture

Solute transport in fractured rocks is of major interest in many applications, from the petroleum industry to ground water management. This work focuses on the dispersion process in a transparent replica of a real single fracture. The fracture exhibits strong changes in heterogeneity, with the first half very heterogeneous and the second half fairly homogeneous. Three models have been used to interpret the tracer experiments: the classical advection-dispersion equation (ADE), the continuous time random walk (CTRW), and the stratified model. The main goals were to test these models and to study possible correlations between fitting parameters and heterogeneities. As expected, the solution derived from the ADE equation appears to be unable to model long-time tailing behavior. On the other hand, the results confirm the CTRW robustness and the coefficient beta seems well correlated to heterogeneities. Finally, the stratified model is also able to describe non-Fickian dispersion. The parameters defined by this model are correlated to the heterogeneities of the fracture.     

降流式厌氧悬浮填料床工艺特性分析

厌氧生物技术能在无氧条件下,通过厌氧微生物的新陈代谢将废水中的有机物转化为无机物,同时产生具有能源回收价值的甲烷,并减少温室气体(CO2)的排放,符合节能环保的原则和发展趋势.在回顾厌氧技术以及厌氧反应器发展的基础上,从现代厌氧反应器的发展理念角度分析了新型厌氧反应器-降流式厌氧悬浮填料床(DASB)的工艺特性.降流式厌氧悬浮填料床在生物量的保持、微生物的多级多相和推流流态等方面较好地符合了新型现代厌氧反应器的发展要求,结构、运行简单,具有较好的处理效果,是中国农村污水处理或预处理的较佳选择.     

Mobilizing environmental sentiment through the media

ABSTRACT

Recent research into the best ways to mobilize people to act on climate change suggests that careful, and relatively positive, emotional framing is critical. However, environmental non-governmental organizations (ENGOs) need to not only mobilize publics, but also attract media coverage. If the media prefers negativity or is skeptical of ENGOs’ emotive appeals, are ENGOs’ emotional frames damaging their ability to gain media attention? Quantitative sentiment analysis is used to identify emotional framing in a targeted case study of 350.org’s public press releases and their subsequent media coverage. The results suggest that appropriate emotional frames for mobilization are not necessarily detrimental to gaining media attention, and that ENGO press releases influence media coverage, when they are used. Several concrete suggestions emerge for how ENGOs might use press releases more effectively, if they seek to influence the media’s emotional tone on climate change.     

生物基聚合物PHBV和PLA复合材料在不同介质中的生物降解及其影响因素

传统工艺的塑料生产不仅依赖石油资源的持续开发利用,同时给环境造成了前所未有的压力,近年来生物基聚合物（聚（3-羟基-3-戊酸酯）-PHBV,聚乳酸-PLA）日渐成为传统石油基塑料的替代产品.本文采用呼吸测试手段,旨在揭示均质复合材料在不同环境介质（土壤、熟化堆肥、水体）条件下及有机添加剂（木质素）,无机添加剂（蒙脱石）和天然有机物链增长剂（Joncryl）作用下的生物降解特征.结果表明：当链增长剂Joncryl添加量为5%时,对所有介质PHBV和PLA复合材料产生显著抑制作用.Joncryl添加量为0.2%时,未对所测样品的生物降解行为产生干扰作用.在熟化堆肥介质中,PLA复合材料比PHBV基质混合物的生物降解速率明显降低.有机木质纤维添加剂（榛子壳粉末）单独在聚合物中添加或者和链增长剂Joncryl以及非有机添加剂（Dellite72T）共同作用下都可促进PLA聚合物中各组分的相容连接性.实验结果表明,新型添加剂在不同介质中以二元或三元添加的方式对生物降解过程产生重要影响,该研究将为新型材料使用后的生物降解效应提供理论依据.     

聚己内酯与聚羟基丁酸戊酸酯的脱氮性能对比

以可生物降解聚合物聚己内酯(PCL)和聚羟基丁酸戊酸酯(PHBV)作为反硝化缓释碳源和微生物载体,利用清水释碳和批式反硝化试验选出适用于再生水反硝化深度脱氮生物滤池的可生物降解碳源滤料,通过比较与分析碳源滤料的表面形态及物质特性和附着微生物的群落特征揭示其性能优越的原因.结果表明,PHBV反硝化启动时间短,反硝化速率高,剩余有机物浓度低,相比PCL具有更稳定持续的反硝化效果.原因是其表面粗糙,且含有大量C—O和CO等亲水性基团,易于微生物附着和降解利用;其表面附着的微生物种类多样,其中发硫菌属(Thiothrix)、假单胞属(Pseudomonas)、菌胶团属(Zoogloea)、黄杆菌属(Flavobacterium)和脱氯菌属(Dechloromonas)等优势菌属均具有异养反硝化功能.因此,PHBV更适合作为再生水反硝化深度脱氮生物滤池的碳源滤料.     

Ag3PO4掺杂g-C3N4催化剂的制备及其可见光催化降解含碘类造影剂性能

以沉淀-回流方法于磷酸银(Ag₃PO₄)中掺杂氮化碳(g-C₃N₄)制备新型复合光催化剂,同时采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线衍射图(XRD)等手段对合成催化剂的形态特征、晶型结构以及物理化学性质进行表征.以碘帕醇(IPM)作为目标污染物,通过改变催化剂的使用条件考察了氙灯光照下催化剂对水溶液中含碘类造影剂(ICMs)的光催化降解性能,并且分析了催化氧化过程中可能的污染物降解途径以及转化产物.结果表明,合成后的催化剂结构稳定,相对于使用单一催化剂(Ag₃PO₄或g-C₃N₄)条件下,复合催化剂对ICMs的光降解性能都得到大幅度提升,经条件优化后,确定Ag₃PO₄与g-C₃N₄的质量比例为0.15∶0.1时降解效果最佳,但不可超过0.2∶0.1,且降解性能与催化剂的投加浓度呈正相关,浓度在0.75 ...     

低渗透石化污染场地多相抽提修复效率的数值模拟

借助TOUGH3/TMVOC软件对华北地区某典型污染场地进行模型概化,模拟再现了挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）在层状低渗透性介质中的运移和分布特征;同时,设置了不同情景的多相抽提方案,分析了渗透率对多相抽提技术（MPE）去除效率的影响.结果表明,VOCs在该介质中主要以非水相液体（NAPL）相形式存在,且NAPL相饱和度最大值位于泄漏点以下的含水层;对于不同深度的分层抽提情景,当最大抽提深度为-9.25m时,介质中质量分数最大的NAPL相VOCs能够被有效去除,总有机物去除率达89.8%.同时,多相抽提作用能促进吸附相VOCs解吸,降低介质中吸附相VOCs含量;抽提结束一段时间后,介质中残留的液相、吸附相VOCs含量增加,成为潜在的地下水二次污染源.当层状介质渗透率整体降低时,MPE技术去除效率随之降低,且低渗透层中残留的NAPL相VOCs难以抽出,导致总有机物去除率降低.     

Transport of volatile compounds in porous media in the presence of a trapped gas phase

The presence of an immobile gaseous phase in an otherwise-saturated porous medium affects the transport of volatile compounds. The linear theory of partitioning tracers suggests that a volatile tracer introduced into such a system should be retarded with a constant retardation factor. Using high concentrations, however, the saturation of the gaseous phase will change as an effect of the tracer test itself. Competitive gas transfer among all volatile compounds and the change of saturation may lead to tracer concentrations that are temporarily higher than those injected. We analyze the system in the framework of the coherence theory by Helfferich [Soc. Pet. Eng. J. 21 (1) (1981) 51]. The governing equations are formulated as functions of total concentration, i.e., the mass of solutes in all phases per pore volume. Neglecting dispersion and mass-transfer kinetics, we derive the characteristic form of the resulting system of hyperbolic equations. In a system with N volatile compounds, a variation of the concentrations splits up into N waves, each traveling with its own characteristic velocity. If the presence of a gaseous phase is sustained, one wave will be a standing one. We perform numerical model calculations for tracers with various Henry's law coefficients and show that the results agree with the semi-analytical solution obtained by coherence theory.     

曝气生物滤池处理生活污水试验

曝气生物滤池具有体积小、处理效率高等特点。研究结果表明,曝气生物滤池处理生活污水在０．５３ｍ／ｈ的水力负荷下,ＢＯＤ５、ＣＯＤ、ＳＳ、ＮＨ４－Ｎ和ＴＮ的平均去除率９５．３％、９２．６％、９６．７％、９１．８５％和８５．１％,平均出水浓度分别为３．０ｍｇ／Ｌ、１２．５ｍｇ／Ｌ、２．５ｍｇ／Ｌ、１．７ｍｇ／Ｌ和４．３ｍｇ／Ｌ。